Artificial Intelligence in the Czech Healthcare System

Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer just a dream of distant future. As a recently published national survey by the Ministry of Health has shown, modern algorithms are gradually becoming a common feature in Czech hospitals and outpatient clinics. Practical experience clearly demonstrates enormous potential for streamlining care; however, experts also caution against blind enthusiasm. The use of uncertified generative models can pose safety risks to both patients and the entire system. The Czech healthcare system must now develop a strategy, provide extensive training for staff, and clearly define the line between a safe tool and a hazardous experiment.

Current data show a surprisingly rapid adaptation to new technologies. More than two-thirds of the healthcare facilities surveyed reported that they are already actively using artificial intelligence or are at least testing it. Radiology and the field of imaging methods are leading the way in this regard, with more than 80 percent of respondents working with AI tools. Practice confirms that certified algorithms function here as highly advanced assistants. They significantly aid in faster detection of pathological findings, shorten examination times, and help reduce patients’ radiation exposure. Nearly half of the facilities view the benefits of AI as absolutely essential, not only in large hospitals but increasingly in smaller and highly specialized facilities as well.

The Fine Line Between Assistant and Risk

With the massive rise of technology, a new problem has emerged, as highlighted by the Czech Artificial Intelligence Association (ČAUI). Some healthcare professionals have begun using publicly available generative models, such as ChatGPT or Gemini, in their practice. While these excel at purely administrative tasks, such as summarizing medical histories or preparing discharge reports, they lack medical certification. As soon as an uncertified tool begins to influence clinical decision-making—for example, by altering the meaning of text or suggesting tests—a real safety risk arises for the patient. Moreover, the healthcare sector handles the most sensitive data, and the use of public models outside a secure environment runs up against strict data protection regulations. Experts therefore urge the use of tools that have undergone rigorous clinical validation, are subject to regulation, and have a clearly defined intended purpose.

To fully harness the potential of innovation and minimize risks, it will be necessary to move beyond the phase of isolated projects. A survey by the ministry revealed strong demand for a sector-wide strategy that establishes clear rules. However, legislative boundaries alone will not suffice. Further development of the field is closely linked to building AI literacy among staff. Every output of artificial intelligence will always require critical evaluation by a human, because the technology itself cannot assume legal responsibility for the patient. Tomorrow’s healthcare professionals must therefore fully understand the capabilities and limitations of their digital assistants and learn to use them prudently.

Author: Markéta Hrubá